- Pediatric Pain Assessment Tools
- Poker Chip Pain Assessment Tool
- Poker Chip Pain Assessment Tool Download
Guideline Statement: Management of Procedure-related Pain in. Management of Procedure-related Pain in Children and Adolescents Paediatrics & Child Health Division The Royal Australasian College of Physicians Sydney. The Pieces of Hurt, also know as the Poker Chip Tool, were developed to allow. The Pieces of Hurt tool (also known as Poker Chip Tool) quantifies pain intensity by using four poker chips to represent amounts of pain. Children indicate how much hurt they have by referring to one poker chip as a little bit of hurt, two as a little more hurt, three as more yet, and four as the most hurt they could ever have. The Pain Research Center brings an interdisciplinary approach to the study of what pain is and how we treat it. We are clinical care providers, psychologists, social scientists, basic scientists, and an applied statistician, united by a belief that no single perspective has a clear view of pain and what it does to us. Which pain assessment tool is most appropriate for this client? FLACC Behavioral Pain Assessment Scale. FACES pain scale 3. Oucher scale 4. Poker-chip tool. Correct Answer: 1 Rationale 1: The FLACC scale is an appropriate tool for infants and young children who cannot self-report pain. The FACES Scale, Oucher scale, and poker-chip tool. The Pieces of Hurt Tool (for 3-6 year olds) This tool can be used to identify how much pain a child is experiencing. The child is shown 4 of the same item lined up on a flat surface. You can use poker chips, quarters or your child`s favourite toy.
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11.Which tool would be the least appropriate scale for the nurse to use when assessing a 4-year-old child's pain?A) FACES pain rating scale B) Oucher pain rating scale C) Poker chip tool D) Numeric pain intensity scale Ans: D Feedback: The numeric pain intensity scale can be used with children as young as 5 years of age, but the preferred minimum age for using this tool is 7 years. Graphic rating scales, such as the Pieces of Hurt tool, which is also known as the Poker Chip Tool, invite children to measure their pain intensity using four colored chips, each of which represents a “piece of hurt.” 16, 17 One chip indicates “a little hurt” and four chips indicate “the most hurt” the child could have.
There are several differentpaediatric assessment scales published and available to use. Differentassessment scales are targeted towards different age groups within thepaediatric patient group.
Behaviour ObservationalScales
Observationalassessment scales, where the observer rates a child’s behaviour for indicatorsof pain, are used for children who may not be able to give appropriate verbalresponses. The most commonly used scales for newborn children are the PrematureInfant Pain Profile (PIPP) and CRIES postoperative pain scales (Walker &Arnold, 2009). The FLACC behavioural scale is a behaviour assessment tool whichhas been validated for the use of objectively assessing pain levels in childrenbetween the ages of 2 months and 7 years old (Walker & Arnold, 2009).
Click on the Links below to view an image of the described assessment tools.
PIPPis based on the patients activity, facial expressions andan increase in patients vital sign from baseline recordings to give anindication of an increase in pain scores (Stevens, Johnston, Petryshen & Taddio,1996).
CRIESis a useful tool for neonatal postoperative patients.It assesses Crying, Requirement of oxygen, Increase in vital signs, Expression,and Sleeplessness (Bildner, 1997).
is based on the observer’s assessment of the patientsFace, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability (Walker & Arnold, 2009).
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Self-Reporting Scales
Children from 3 years of agehave the potential to reliably self-report pain using one of a number ofself-reporting pain assessment tools. These tools include the Faces pain scale– Revised, and the Wong-Baker faces pain rating scale. The Oucher scale usesphotographic images of children in differing stages of distress and a scale of0-10 alongside each picture. Younger children may find the poker chip scale usefulto quantify their pain whereas older children may be able to use the visualanalogue scale (Walker & Arnold, 2009).
Wong-Bakerfaces pain scale uses cartoon faces withdiffering expressions to indicate severity of pain from 0-10 (Walker & Arnold,2009).
The Faces pain scale has been revised from the initial sevenfaces to six with the first face representing no pain, of a 0/10 and the lastface representing 10/10. The revised faces pain scale differs from theWong-Baker faces as the ‘no pain’ face has a neutral expression instead of asmile and the most severe pain face does not have tears (Hicks, von Baeyer,Spafford, van Korlaar & Goodenough, 2001).
The Oucherscale is unique in the fact that it is availableshowing a child of a different sex and race to allow the patient to relate tothe images more easily (Beyer, Villarruel & Denyes, 2009).
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Poker Chip scale uses four ‘poker chips’ as ‘pieces of hurt’which the child uses to indicate how much pain they are feeling (Kohntopp,2011).
Visual Analogue Scale consists of a line usually 10cm longwith one end representing no pain and the other end representing severe pain.The patient indicates the level of pain experienced by indicating an area onthe line (Kohntopp, 2011).
Pediatric Pain Assessment Tools
There is no consistent evidencesuggesting one assessment tool superior to another, however to maintain a levelof consistency in patient assessment research suggests the same scale should beused throughout an institution (Kohntopp, 2011 & Walker & Arnold, 2009).
Poker Chip Pain Assessment Tool
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